English Chapter2 REACH FOR THE STARS شرح بالفيديو لغة انجليزية 3ث

Vocabulary

prisoner سجين well-educated متعلم جيد

popular محبوبـ شعبى fiction خيال

activities أنشطة fictional خيالى

immediately فورا publication طبع، نشر

politics السياسة sign إشارة

modern languages اللغات الحديثة architecture الهندسة المعمارية

Athletics العاب القوى novel رواية

alike يشبه protect يحمي

attend ينوى ceremony مراسم

Classics الكلاسيكية occasion مناسبة

couple زوج coronation تتويج، حفلة تتويج

debate مناظرة castle قلعة

escape يهرب publish ينشر

escapism هروب / اللهو publication نشر

escapist انهزامي publisher ناشر

lawyer محامي published منشور

poet شاعر wealthy غني

immediately فورا walk through يمشي خلال

plenty وفرة identical متطابق / متماثل

remain يبقي excitedly بشكل مُثار

athletics الألعاب الرياضية replace يحل محل / يستبدل

attend يحضر look alike يبدوا متشابه جدا

the right الحق as planned كما هو مخطط

realise يدرك rescue ينقذ

find out يكتشف cruel قاسي

ambitious طموح finance المالية

sort of / kind of نوع من adventure stories قصص مغامرة

pharaoh فرعون the public الجمهور

novelist روائي heroes أبطال

wealthy غنى candidates المرشحون

central مركزى educated متعلم

forest غابة history تاريخ

kidnapped اختطف شخص regular visits زيارات منتظمة

married تزوج surprise مفاجئة

believe يعتقد neighbour جار

entertainment تسلية وترفية forget ينسي

print يطبع entertainment تسلية و ترفيه

formal رسمى ceremony احتفال

organized discussion مناقشة منظمة attackers المهاجمون

ready for مستعد ل a teaching job وظيفة التدريس

educate يتعلم area منطقة

education تعليم interest اهتمام / تشويق

morally أخلاقيا / افتراضيا pounds جنيهات

tour جولة Well-educated متعلم جيداً




Prepositions:

Pay for يدفع ثمن .. Well-known for مشهور بـ

Know nothing of لا يعرف شيئا عن Go on a tour يذهب في جولة

An expert in خبير في Lock someone in يحبس شخص في (مكان)

Fall off his horse يسقط من علي حصانه Look in astonishment ينظر في دهشة واستغراب

Find out يكتشف At the coronation في حفل التتويج

Protect from / against يحمي ..من Make regular visits يقوم بزيارات منتظمة

Break into يقتحم (بعدها مفعول) Belong to يخص / ينتمي إلي

Be crowned with success يُتَوج بالنجاح Free .. from (v) يُحرر من

On occasion أحيانا Ready for مستعد أو جاهز لـ

Say goodbye to يودع Break in يقتحم

On the night before.. في الليلة التي تسبق Popular with محبوب أو شائع لدي

At the same time في نفس الوقت

Words that go together:

Heroic deeds أعمال بطولية Public debate مناظرة أو مناقشة عامة

Under debate محل مناقشة Hold a debate يعقد مناظرة

Attend a meeting يُحضر اجتماع Attend a conference يَحضر مؤتمر

A historic occasion مناسبة تاريخية Heroic efforts جهود خارقة

Have much success in يلاقي نجاحا كبيرا في Take preventive measures يتخذ إجراءات وقائية

The public opinion الرأي العام A public library مكتبة عامة

Double efforts يُضاعف الجهود Compulsory education التعليم الإلزامي

The vast majority الغالبية العظمي Classical music الموسيقي الكلاسيكية

News coverage تغطية إخبارية News headlines عناوين الأخبار

Language Notes

capture arrest imprison kidnap hijack

capture  يأسر ـ يقبض على

The town was captured by enemy troops after 10 days fighting.

She was captured at the airport.

arrest  يلقى القبض على

He was arrested for shoplifting.سرقة المعروضات

imprison  يسجن

They were imprisoned for possession of drugs.

kidnap  يخطف شخصا ( طمعا فى فدية )

Two businessmen were kidnapped by terrorists.

hijack  يختطف ) عربة ـ طائرة )

The plane was hijacked by two armed men on a flight from London to Cairo.


decide

decide to + inf  يقـرر

She decided to go out.

decide on + noun  يقـررـيحدد

You have to decide on your goal in life

decide that + sentence  يقـرر

He decided that you should attend.


life a life the life

life  الحيـاة بوجـه عـام ( اسم لا يعـد ولا يسبقـها أداة (

There is no life on the moon . Life is fun .

a life – ( lives )  نـوع معيـن مـن حيـاة ( اسم يعـد ) غالبـا يسبقهـا صفـه

He leads a happy life .

a life of + اسم غيـر عـاقـل ( lives )

He leads a life of fun .

the life of + اسم عـاقـل ( lives )  نـوع معيـن مـن حيـاه ( اسم يعـد (

What do you know about the life of our prophet ( P B U H ) ?


die

die of  يموت بسبب مرض أو جوع أو عطش

He died of cancer.

die from ( a wound / an injury / a spider bite )  يموت من (جرح ـ إصابة ـ لدغة عقرب أو عنكبوت)

He died from the scorpion's bites.

die out  ينقرض

Some dangerous animals died out.

die away  يضمحل ـ يزول

The sound of their laughter died away.


famous well-known distinguished

famous  مشهـور و تعطـي معني well-known و لكنها اقـوي في المعني و تعني معروف علي مجال واسع

France is famous for its nice food and perfumes.

well-known  معـروف و لكـن علي نطـاق محـدود postman - doctor - teacher

The postman is well-known in our village.

distinguished  معـروف للأشخـاص المشهـورين باعمالهم العلميـة أو الفنيـة ( مميـز)

Ernest Hemingway is a distinguished writer.

Ahmed Zweail is an eminent scientist.









take

take part in = share in = participate in  يشـارك

Did you take part in the poetry competition ?

take place = happen = occur  يحـدث

When did the accident take place ?

take the place of = replace  يحـل محـل

He resigned and I took his place.

take up much of  يستنـزف كثيـر مـن

He took much of his money.

take off  يخلـع – تقلـع

When I returned home, I took off my coat.

The plane took off at ten.

take over  يتـولى مهمـة

After his father's death he took over his work.

take after  يشبـه

She took her mother completely.


abroad broad board border

abroad  الخارج ( خارج حدود بلد ما )

He worked abroad for five years.

broad  فسيح ـ عريض ـ عام

He is tall and broad. The room is broad.

board  لوحة ( إعلانات ) ـ سبورة

The exam results went up on the board.

border  حد بين دولتين

The border between Egypt and Libya is safe.


Like look like alike unlike


like  مثل

She is not like her sister. = She is different from her sister.


like  يحب

She doesn't like her sister. = She hates her sister.

look like  يشبه

He looks like his brother.


alike = like each other  تستخدمبعد الأشياء أو الأشخاص الذين نتحدث عنهم ويسبقها(v. to. be)

He and his brother are alike.

unlike  مختلف عن ـ علي العكس من

Unlike his brother, he is very tall.








twins couple double pair

twins  توأم

They are identical twins.

couple  زوجان( زوج وزوجته )

Ali and Dina are a new couple.

a couple of  زوج من نفس الشئ

I bought a couple of shirts.

double  ثنائي/ يضاعف

He can double his profit.

pair  زوج من شيء لا ينفصل

What is your opinion of the pair of shoes?


occasion event accident incident

occasion  مناسبة

He gave me a present on the occasion of my birthday

event  حـــدث هـــام مميـــز

The 6th of October is one of the great event in our modern history.

accident  حــــادث تصــــادم

He was killed in a car accident.

Incident  حــــدث داخــــل قصـــة

This story is full of interesting incidents.



spend

spend time + (v + ing)  يقضي الوقت في

She spent the afternoon reading a science fiction story.

spend money on  ينفق المال على

She spent most of her money on clothes.


Family / team / crew / staff  يمكن أن تكون جمعا أو مفردا

The home team is winning the match.  إذا كنا نشير إلى الاسم ككل تأتى مفردا

The team are travelling to their match.  إذا كنا نشير إلى أفراده أو أعضائه تأتى جمعا

 تكون هذه الكلمات دائما جمعا

police / people / youth / wages

The police are clever.

 المواد الدراسية والألعاب الرياضية وبعض الكلماتالتى لا تعد المنتهية(s - ics) تعامل معاملة المفرد :

Athletics/politics/gymnastics/mathematics/maths/news



Physics is a difficult subject.

Gymnastics is very useful.


















classic classical classics

classic (n)  أثر أدبى خالد(تعد)

All of Charles Dickens' novels are classics

classic (adj)  كلاسيكي / نموذجي / أثر خالد يحتفظ بقيمته لمدة طويلة

example / mistake / symptom / style / design / films  تستخدم مع المسرحيات و الكتب و تأتي مع

It was a classic case of bad management ((نموذجي

My dad likes watching classic films.

classical  تقليدي (قديم) / موسيقى (كلاسيكية ) / متعلق بدراسة اليونانية أو روما القديمة

I like classical music to Pop or jazz - classical scientific method

classical architecture - classical symphony - classical composer - classical elegance

classics  دراسة اليونانية و اللاتينية (كلمة لا تعد )

He studied classics at university.

Hope: The Prisoner OfZenda

Presenter : In today’s Book Program, we’re going to hear about
the life and work the writer Anthony Hope. In the studio we have
Professor David Lyons from the University of South London. Professor
Lyons, Anthony Hope is well known for his adventure novels, but what
sort of a man was he? Was he like his heroes?

Professor Lyons : Not in the least. Anthony Hope was a well-educated English lawyer who started writing in his free time.

Presenter : Could you tell us something about his early life?

Professor Lyons : Yes, of course. Anthony Hope was born near
London in 1863. After finishing school, he went to Oxford University,
where he studied classics. He was interested in politics and was a good
speaker in university debates. After Oxford, he trained as a lawyer
and started working in London in 1887.

Presenter : So how did you start writing?

Professor Lyons : Well, as in those days have plenty of free time
- so Hope wrote short stories for magazines. He wrote his first novel,
a Man of Mark, in 1890, but had to pay for the publication himself.

Presenter : How about his most famous book, The Prisoner of Zenda? Did he pay for that?

Professor Lyons : No. By then, he was already a successful
novelist. The amazing thing about this book was how quickly he wrote
it. He first had the idea in late 1893 and the book was published in
April 1894. It was immediately successful.

Presenter : What was so special about The Prisoner of Zenda?

Professor lines : Well, it’s a very exciting adventure story
which takes place in a fictional European country. I think it was so
popular because it’s not about everyday lives- people like escapism.

Presenter : Did Hope marry?

Professor Lyons : Yes, he did. In 1903, he went on a speaking
tour to other countries and met Betty Somerville. The couple were
married later that year, then came back to England, where they had two
sons and a daughter.

Presenter : And did he continue writing?

Professor Lyons : Yes, in all he wrote thirty-two works of
fiction, but The Prisoner of Zenda was always his most popular story.
It made him a lot of money. A lot of films have been based on the
story, and the public still enjoy reading it today.

Presenter : Thank you, Professor Lyons - that was most
interesting. If you haven’t read The Prisoner of Zenda yet, borrow it
from your local library. It’s one of those books you just can’t put
down.




The prisoner of Zenda

The story takes place in nineteenth-century Europe. Rudolf
Rassendyll, a wealthy Englishman, is the cousin of Rudolf Elphberg, who
is about to become the new king of Ruritania, a fictional country in
central Europe. Rudolf Rassendyll decides to travel to Ruritania to
attend the coronation of his cousin, who he has not met before. Soon
after he arrives, he is walking through a forest where he meets the
future king. The two men are surprised to discover that they are so
alike: they are almost identical twins. The cousins talk excitedly
about the coronation.

However, on the night before the great occasion, Rudolf Elphberg
is kidnapped by his younger brother Michael and locked in the castle in
the town of Zenda. Although Michael does not have the right to be the
next king of the country, he is popular with some of the people of
Ruritania. He wants to stop the coronation so that he can become the
next king himself.

Rudolf Rassendyll solves the problem by taking his cousin's
place. Because the two men look so alike, nobody realizes what is
happening and the coronation takes place as planned. While Rudolf
Elphberg remains in the castle, Rudolf Rassendyll lives the life of the
king and spends time with his cousin’s friends. At the same time, he
realizes that he cannot remain the king of Ruritania forever. He
decides to rescue Rudolf Elphberg.

The story ends happily for Elphberg when he finally becomes the
new king. Michael dies. Rassendyll says goodbye to his friends and
leaves the country. The people of Ruritania never find out what has
really happened.

Exercises on vocabulary

Choose the correct answer:

1) My brother is very well …. He went to CairoUniversity and then Oxford,

a) learnt b) educated c) civilized d) punished

2) We are having a ………… at school next week about ways of reducing global warming.

a) disagreement b) conflict c) debate d) negotiation

3) For some people, reading and watching films are forms of ………….

a) socialism b) ecotourism c) extremism d) escapism

4) In the past, many English children studied ………… at school. Now most schools teach modern languages.

a) classics b) ceramics c) clinics d) cosmetics

5) Oliver Twist is the fictional ………… of one of Charles Dickens' most famous novels.

a) champion b) hero c) leader d) loser

6) The Prisoner of Zenda was ready for ………… a few months after Anthony Hope thought of the idea.

a) application b) publication c) classification d) clarification

7) Although everyone in my family works very hard, we are not a ………… family.

a) worthy b) wealthy c) healthy d) filthy

In Britain, children ………… primary school between the ages of 5 and 11.

a) attend b) intend c) tend d) pretend

9) The ………… of Queen Elizabeth II took place in 1952. It was a fantastic occasion millions of people went to London to watch.

a) collaboration b) coronation c) corporation d) combination

10) Nobody has the ………… to steal things from other people

a) left b) wrong c) right d) sight

11) Some twins are more ………… than others.

a) like b) liken c) alight d) alike

12) ………… were usually made from stone to stop attackers from breaking in.

a) Castles b) Houses c) Flats d) Apartments

13) A ………… of people objected to the proposal, but the vast majority approved of it.

a) double b) pair c) two d) couple

14) They had been ………… for several hours without reaching a conclusion.

a) delaying b) defeating c) debating d) applying

15) All the characters in this film are ………… They are not real.

a) fictional b) intentional c) additional d) conventional

16) Over two hundred people ………… the funeral.

a) intended b) pretended c) depended d) attended

17) Our customers have the right ………… if the service is not satisfactory.

a) to complain b) complaining c) complained d) complain

18) They met on several ………… to discuss the issue.

a) chance b) occasions c) opportunity d) day

19) The two men were surprised ………… that they were so alike.

a) discover b) to discover c) discovering d) discovered

20) He spent three days ………… his uncle.

a) with b) at c) of d) to

21) The story takes ………… in 19th century Europe.

a) space b) part c) place d) the place

22) He was buried ………… in the earthquake.

a) life b) alive c) living d) a life

23) They kept looking at each ………… and smiling.

a) other b) another c) others d) the other

24) He was ………… in the castle at Zenda.

a) looked b) lacked c) licked d) locked

25) It's important to protect your skin ………… the harmful effects of the sun.

a) of b) with c) from d) at

26) She's going to study ………… at university.

a) classics b) classic c) classical d) classification

27) Ali and Mona are a nice …………. Let's invite them to dinner.

a) double b) pair c) couple d) two

28) Prices have ………… in the last few years.

a) coupled b) doubled c) paired d) crippled

29) There was a long ………… on TV about elections.

a) talking b) debate c) speaking d) beating

30) The President ………… the summit conference in London last week.

a) mended b) depended c) attended d) ascended

31) The ………… was captured by the enemies.

a) castle b) battle c) cattle d) shuttle

32) The opening of the new school was a great ………….

a) admission b) collision c) occasion d) concession

33) They ………… the boy and demanded a big ransom.

a) dropped b) sent c) gave d) kidnapped

34) The Egyptian monuments are very popular ………… tourists.

a) of b) to c) with d) on

35) Do you mind if I use your computer? – Not in ………….

a) least b) most c) less d) little

36) He's very much ………… his father.

a) like b) alike c) look like d) liken

37) They met at the club as ………….

a) agreeing b) to agree c) agreed d) agreement

38) ………… is a kind of entertainment that helps people to forget about their worries.

a) Capitalism b) Colonialism c) Globalism d) Escapism

39) ………… is the study of the language and literature of the Ancient Greeks and Romans.

a) Physics b) Economics c) Classics d) Statistics

40) …… is a ceremony in which somebody officially becomes a king or queen.

a) Coronation b) Corruption c) Collection d)Communication

41) The story is not true , it is -------------------

a) real b) fictional c) right d) famous

42) The book will be --------------next week.

a) publication b) publisher c) publish d) published

43) We had a formal, organized discussion, that means ---------------

a) conflict b) debate c) forum d) fight

44) He is the main character , he is the ------- of the film.

a) heroine b) hero c) herb d) director

45) He killed the girl and went to ----------------and spent 20 years.

a) jail b) forum c) castle d) museum

46) Films and books can sometimes help people to ------ from their worries.

a) escape b) suffer c) wait d) sell

47) You can still see a lot of ------ architecture in Greece and Rome.

a) classical b) professional c) classics d) classes

48) He has a lot of money, he is a -------- man.

a) wealth b) poor c) healthy d) wealthy

49) He doesn't have the right --------- vote in the coming elections.

a) with b) in c) of d) to

50) After finishing school , he went to Oxford University-------- he studied classics.

a) who b) which c) when d) where

51) The --------------- were married later that year.

a) pair b) double c) two d) couple


52) The police ---------- chased the suspect.

a) are b) is c) were d) have

53) Mathematics -------------- a very difficult subject for me.

a) is b) are c) have been d) were

54) Tutankhamen died after he fell ------------- his horse.

a) of b) at c) in d) off

55) He is a very famous poet. He wrote many fantastic ………….. .

a) prose b) verse c) novels d) poems

56) He was interested in …………. and was a good speaker in university debates.

a) politician b) diplomat c) ambassador d) politics

57) The two men were surprised when they discovered, they are almost ……….. twins.

a) different b) divergent c) identical d) diverse

58) No one realises what is happening and the coronation takes place …………….. .

a) planned as b) as planning c) planning as d) as planned

59) The story ends ……… for the hero when he finally becomes the new king.

a) happy b) happier c) happily d) happiest

60) The people never find ……….. what has really happened.

a) out b) away c) in d) over

Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:

1- Over two thousand people pretended the meeting.

2- The communication of the king took place in the royal palace.

3- These two sisters are so like.

4- People over 18 have the tight to vote in elections.

5- This novel is intentional. It's not real.

6- A defeat is a formal organised discussion.

7- The gang hijacked the boy and asked for a lot of money to let him go.

8- She went to London a pair of years ago.

9- Can you tell me what the thief was alike?

10- It took him five hours finishing the report.

A) Translate into Arabic:

Great efforts have been made towards equality between men and
women. Women demand equal pay for equal work. Although women have gained
many of their rights, they still have a long way for complete equality.

B) Translate into English :


 هل تميل أحيانا إلى الهروب من الواقع لتتغلب على مشاكلك ؟

Language Functions

Showing Surprise or Interest

Expressing Interest Expressing Surprise

How interesting! Really? I didn't know that

Is that right? Good Heavens!

Respond to the following situations:

1- Someone tells you that he has won two Olympic gold medals. You are very surprised.

2- Your sister tells you that the sun is millions of miles away from the Earth. Express how you feel about this.

3- Your mother tells you that the prices of food will go down. You are interested.

4- Your friend tells you that he is going to travel to space.


Grammar Study

Subject-verb agreement: special cases

•الأسماء التي تُعد تستخدم مفرد أو جمع:

• He bought a car. •There are two cars in the garage.

• The Prisoner of Zenda is a novel. •He read three novels last week.

•تُستخدم الكلمات a / an / the / one مع الكلمات التي تعد:

• A train / an accident / one minute

• Where's the book I lent you?

•وتُستخدم الكلمات التي تُعد أيضا مع الكلمات الآتية:

• Any / some / many / the / How many / two / three, etc.

 Were there any mistakes in your homework?

 Some children are having a picnic in the park.

 There aren't many cars on the road this morning.

 How many students are there in your class?

 The apples were in my shopping bag.

 There are six CDs and four DVDs on the table.

• الكلمات التي لا تُعد تكون في صورة المفرد ولا تجمع والفعل معها مفرد ولا يُستخدم معها a / an


• ومن أمثلة الكلمات التي لا تُعد:

1● Fluids السوائل

Water Coffee Oil Milk Soup blood

2● School subjects المواد الدراسية

History Physics Chemistry Biology Geography Psychology

3● Abstract nouns الأسماء المجردة أو المعنوية

Beauty Confidence Courage Enjoyment Progress Evidence

Patience Honesty Peace Poverty Love hatred

4● Sports الرياضات

Tennis Football Hockey Volleyball Swimming squash

5● Gases الغازات

Oxygen Hydrogen Nitrogen Ammonia Carbon dioxide Oxygen

6● Languages اللغات

English Arabic French Italian Spanish German

7● Different activities الأنشطة المختلفة

Reading Smoking Writing Studying Shopping Eating

8● natural phenomena ظواهر طبيعية

Lightning Heat Snow Thunder Light rain

9● Other nouns

luggage equipment Furniture cash Jewellery Rubbish

Money Traffic work Clothing News electricity

10● Meals الوجبات

breakfast lunch dinner supper

● Could I have a glass of water?

● It isn't a good idea to borrow money.

• بعض الكلمات التي لا تُعد يمكن أن تسبقها الأداة a/an إذا جاءت قبلها الصفة:

قارن بين الجمل الآتية

● She completed her education in 1995.

● She had a good education.

● We usually have lunch at 2.00 p.m..

● We had a wonderful lunch at a big restaurant yesterday.

• الكلمات التي لا تُعد يمكن استخدامها مع الكلمات و العبارات الآتية:

The / any / some / much / how much / this / that

● the water in the river is very clean.

● Have we got any bread?

● We have some bread, but we don't have any butter.

● We don't have much time left.

● How much food do we need for ten people.

 هناك كلمات أخرى يمكن أن تكون countable أو uncountable مع اختلاف المعني مثل:

paper – glass – coffee – time - cold / light / orange / iron /chicken

 I’d like some writing paper.(ورق الكتابة - لا يعد)

 I’m going to buy a paper. (= a newspaper)

 The window’s made of unbreakable glass. ( الزجاج - لا يعد)

 Would you like a glass كوب of water?

 Have you got any coffee?

 Could I have two coffees? (cups of coffee)

 Don’t hurry. There’s plenty of time.

 He went to London three times. مرات

 Don’t go out in the cold without a coat. البرد عموما

 I’ve got a bad cold. نزلة برد

 There are two oranges on the table. برتقال

 I don't like orange. I prefer red.

 This table is made of iron. الحديد (لا يعد)

 She bought an iron yesterday. مكواة

 Do you like chicken? (= chicken meat)

 The sun gives us light الضوء / لا تُعد

 We need two lights in this room. مصباح كهربي

•بعض الكلمات التي تُشير إلي مجموعات يمكن أن يُستخدم معها فعل مفرد أو جمع:

Team / committee / family / class / army / company / couple /
crew / crowd / gang / group / navy / population / staff / university /

● The home team is winning the match. هنا الكلام عن الفريق كوحدة واحدة

● The team are travelling tonight to their next match. هنا نقصد الفريق كأفراد

• العبارات الدالة علي الكمية و المبالغ المالية والزمن و الثمن و المسافة و الوزن ودرجات الحرارة تُعامل معاملة المفرد مع الفعل:

● Ten million pounds is a lot of money.

● Fiftylitres of petrol fills my car.

● Fivekilometres is a long way to walk.

● Two hours is a long time to wait.

● Fifty degrees is a very high temperature.

• ولكن لاحظ أننا نقول:

● Three one-pound coins are on the desk. ثلاث عملات معدنية من فئة الجنيه


• بعض الأسماء المنتهية بحرف s يُستخدم معها دائما فعل مفرد:

Athletics / politics / gymnastics / mathematics / maths / news /
economics / statistics / physics / genetics / classics / electronics

● Politics was my best subject at university.

● Athletics is my favourite sport.

 لاحظ أن lots of /a lot of / plenty of تستخدم في الإثبات مع
الكلمات التي تعد و الكلمات التي لا تعد و تستخدم a great deal of مع
الكلمات التي لا تعد فقط

 He bought a lot of sugar.

 He needs plenty of books.

 There's a great deal of money in the safe.

 تستخدم much في السؤال و النفي مع الكلمات التي لا تعد

She doesn’t need much money.

 Did you buy much sugar?

 تستخدم manyفي الســؤال و النفــي مع الكلمات التي تعـــد

He didn’t see many places in London.

Did you invite many people to your party last week?

 تستخدم many/ muchفي الإثبات إذا جاء قبلهما إحدى الكلمات آلاتية too/ so / very

 There is so much sugar in my coffee.

a Little للكمية / a few للعدد = some تفيد الإثبات

I have a little money. = I have some money. (Positive جملة مثبتة)

He has a few books. = He has some books.

 He has a little furniture.

 They work a few hours a week.

little / few = hardly any = almost no(t) تفيد النفي

She has few friends. = She has hardly any friends.

She had little money. = She had almost no money.

 They got little information, did they?  He writes few letters, does he?

 يمكن استخدام أدوات تجزئة مع الكلمات التي لا تعــد و في حالة الجمع تجمع أداة التجزئة فقط وفيما يلي بعض الأمثلة

A piece of information A piece of luggage A piece of furniture A piece of jewellery

A cup of coffee A jar of jam A loaf of bread A slice of cake / cheese

A sheet of paper A bar of soap A tube of toothpaste A glass of lemonade

A piece of advice A bar of chocolate A bottle of milk


أسماء الأشياء المكونة من جزأين مثل

gloves / scissors / trousers / shoes / socks glasses

نستخدم معها كلمة pair وبدون كلمة pair تُعتبر هذه الكلمات جمع:

His trousers are dirty. فعل جمع

A pair of socks doesn't cost much money. فعل مفرد

الكلمات الآتية لها نفس صيغة المفرد و الجمع:

crossroadsتقاطع طرق / means وسيلة / series سلسلة/ species نوع

A means of transport is… Means of transport are…

الأسماء الآتية دائما جمع و يأتي معها الفعل جمع :

clothes / goods سلع / troops قوات / arms أسلحة / remains بقايا / police / people / cattle

●The police are looking for two terrorists.

كلمة hair لاتُعد إذا قصدنا الشعر بصفة عامة :

● His hair is black.

ولكننا يمكن أن نقول :

● I have got a hair in my mouth. شعرة واحدة

كلمة the public بمعني عامة الناس يأتي معها الفعل جمع أو مفرد :

●The public has / have the right to know everything.

كلمة school بمعني المكان الذي يتعلم فيه الطلاب لا تُعد أما إذا قصدنا المدرسة كمبني فهي تُعد :

●She drives the kids to school every morning.

●They're building a new school in the village.

Exercises on Grammar:

Choose the correct answer:

1. How ………..people are there in the team?

a) much b) many c) long d) little

2. How many seconds ………..there in an hour?

a) is b) are c) were d) would

3. Ten kilometres………..a long way to run.

a) have b) been c) is d) are

4. Would you like ………..cup of tea?

a) some b) much c) a d) any

5. One of the pages in the book ………..torn.

a) is b) are c) were d) have been

6. We didn't take ………..photographs yesterday.

a) some b) many c) much d) little

7. Ali was listening to ………..music.

a) a b) many c) one d) some

8. We didn't do ………..shopping last week.

a) a b) much c) many d) some

9. I still have ………..things to do.

a) a little b) much c) one d) a few

10. I am going to buy ………..bread.

a) some b) a few c) two d) one

11. If you want to know the news, you can read ………..

a) much paper b) many paper c) a paper d) paper

12. I want to print some documents, but the printer is out of ………..

a) papers b) paper c) a paper d) many papers

13. Bad news ………..make people happy.

a) don't b) doesn't c) haven't d) aren't

14. John is unemployed. He can't get ………...

a) job b) profession c) work d) position

15. Can you give me ………..advice?

a) an b) some c) many d) one

16. I don't have ………..luggage.

a) many b) some c) much d) a lot

17. They spend ………..money on travel.

a) a lot of b) many c) a few d) a

18. Enjoy your trip. Have ………..good time.

a) a b) many c) a few d) any

19. I need a new ………..of sunglasses.

a) pair b) couple c) double d) jar

20. I have ………..problem. Can you help me?

a) a b) a few c) any d) a lot

21. How ………..students are there in your school?

a) much b) many c) few d) little

22. Have you finished ………..book I lent you?

a) a b) some c) one d) the

23. She has ……….. French name, but in fact she's English.

a) the b) an c) a d) many

24. I am going away for (some – many – much – a) week in September.

a) some b) many c) much d) a

25. There isn't ………..supermarket near where I live.

a) a b) the c) some d) many

Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:

1. How much coffees have you drunk today?

2. Do we have a rice left?

3. How many money do you need for your holiday?

4. Fifty degrees are a very high temperature

5. Athletics were my father's favourite sport.

6. The team usually plays very well

7. The people in our group was watching the film.

8. Hurry! There is not many time left.

9. Two five-pound notes is on the table.

10. The police is chasing the suspect.



Exam on Unit 2

A- Language Functions

1- Respond to the following situations:

1) a) Your friend has joined a reading group. You want to know the number of people in the group.

2) b) Someone tells you that Anthony Hope wrote the Prisoner of Zenda in three months. You are very surprised by this.

3) c) You are told that Anthony Hope paid for the publication of his first novel himself. Express how you feel about this.

4) d) Someone tells you that Anthony Hope wrote more than 30 works of fiction altogether. You are interested

2- Say where these mini-dialogues take place and who the speakers are: (June, 2009)

1. A : When did you graduate?

B : In 2005.

A : Do you use the computer well?

B : Yes, sir. I've worked as a programmer in a big company for 3 years.

2.

A : Wow! Look at that dinosaur and here are its eggs.

They are huge.

B : Don't touch the exhibits, please.

A : Oh, sorry. Can you tell me where the insect exhibition is, please?

B : It's on the right, next to the fossils.

B- Vocabulary and Structure

3- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d

1. I think ……… countries should help poor ones.

a) healthy b) wealthy c) bankrupt d) weak

2. Novels are usually works of ………, but they are often based on real life.

a) infection b) friction c) fiction d) reflection

3. Anthony Hope's first novel was ……… in 1890.

a) punished b) published c) crashed d) established

4. Films and books can sometimes help people to ……… from their worries.

a) escape b) yield c) resort d) enjoy

5. My brother had good ………. He went to one of the best universities.

a) school b) nursery c) college d) education

6. You can still see a lot of ……… architecture in Greece and Rome.

a) classical b) fictional c) classics d) logical

7. The last important ……… I went to was my brother's wedding.

a) chance b) occasion c) opportunity d) incident

8. Everyone has the right ……… their own beliefs.

a) for b) with c) to d) in

9. Five miles ……… a long way to walk.

a) is b) are c) were d) have been

10. How ……… oil did you buy? –Two litres.

a) much b) many c) few d) little

11. The main evening news ……… on Channel 1 at 9 o'clock.

a) are b) have been c) were d) is

12. Forty minutes ……… a long time to wait for the bus.

a) have been b) was c) were d) are

13. We have to hurry. There is ……… time left.

a) many b) a lot c) few d) little

14. This information ……… helped me a lot.

a) has b) have c) are d) were

15. Gymnastics ………to keep your body fit.

a) help b) are helping c) helps d) have helped

16. There are sixty minutes in ……… hour.

a) some b) one c) many d) much

4- Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:

1) Shylock was the champion of Shakespeare's the Merchant of Venice.

2) The film is based in a novel by Naguib Mahfouz.

3) I'll be back in a double of minutes.

4) How many coffee would you like? – Two cups, please.

5) Thirty pounds are a lot of money for a five-year-old boy.

6) The police thinks that he has forged the money.

C- Reading Comprehension

5- Read the following passage and then answer the questions: (June, 2009)

Nothing we do in this world is done in isolation. It is now
recognized that being able to work successfully with other people is one
of the major keys to success. In every situation where you are in a
group, you will need a skilled leader. All groups need leaders and all
successful groups have good leaders. Groups without leaders always break
down. Members of a leaderless group often begin to feel dissatisfied
and frustrated. There are often arguments and tensions between people as
there is nobody to keep the goals clear.

Some people are natural leaders. True leaders are born and you
can spot them. They are people who combine toughness, fairness and
humour. Although a lot of people agree that there are some natural-born
leaders, most people now recognize that leadership can also be taught in
training courses which use activities and techniques to develop a range
of qualities which are necessary to be a good leader, such as
self-confidence, calmness and intelligence. They also need to be able to
work under pressure. Lastly, and probably most importantly, good
leaders need to be sensitive, sociable and be able to get on with a wide
range of people. Good leadership is the ability to influence others and
allow all members of the group to contribute.



A. Answer the following questions:

1) What are the qualities of good leaders?

2) Why are people in a leaderless group often dissatisfied and frustrated?

3) Do you think that leadership is a natural born talent or learned skill? Write your own point of view.

B. Choose the correct answer:

4) Successful leaders shouldn't be-------------.

a) fair b) wise c) selfish d) experienced

5) 5- The underlined pronoun "they" refers to ---------------.

a) true leaders b) arguments and tensions

c) training courses d) leaders' works


6- Read the following passage, then answer the questions:

Our mothers had always warned us about the forest and had never
allowed us to go there. We were delighted when they finally gave us the
permission to play in the forest.

Immediately my cousins and I went to the forest. As soon as we
reached the forest, we realised how big it was. As expected, the forest
was very dark.

My cousins blindfolded me. Then they went to hide. It was black
and I could not see at all. So I walked around with my hands stretched
out to feel my way. Suddenly, I bumped into something very hard. At
first, I thought it was my cousin. I took off the blindfold, and I was
shocked. I had walked into a beehive! I screamed loudly so that everyone
could hear me and ran away as fast as I could. The bees followed me and
attacked me. I was being stung everywhere!

Fortunately, I found a lake and jumped into it. After some time,
the bees flew away and I got out of the lake. My cousins laughed at me
because I was all wet.


Answer the following questions:

1) Why were the writer and his cousins delighted?

2) Why did the writer stretch out his hands as he walked around?

3) Find words in the passage which mean:

a) cover someone's eyes with cloth b) at once

Choose the correct answer:

4) The writer removed the blindfold when he --------------------.

(a) was stung by the bees (b) heard strange sounds

(c) felt delighted (d) bumped into something very hard

5) The underlined word "they" refers to --------------------------.

(a) cousins (b) forests (c) mothers (d) bees

D- The Novel

7) (A) Answer the following questions:

1) What did Leila take with her when she travelled to Peru?

2) What was amazing about the Incas?


B) Read the following quotation. then answer the questions

“I have never been to South America before.”

1) Why was the speaker going to South America?

2) What were the speaker’s feelings about flying?


C) Complete the following sentences:

1) Researchers in Cairo were so clever that …………………

2) The Incas were tough because ……………………………

D- Writing

8- Write a paragraph of about 100 words about: (June, 2009)

"How can we help to protect and improve the environment"

E- Translation

9- A) Translate into Arabic: (June, 2009)

Modern societies need enormous amounts of power for heating,
lighting and industry. Most of this power comes from coal and oil.
Experts say that this type of fuel will soon be used up. Scientists will
have to search for alternative sources of energy.

B) Translate into English:

1) إن العمل الجماعي يقوي الروابط و القيم الإنسانية بين الناس.

2) لابد أن نشجع الاستثمارات الأجنبية في مصر من أجل تحسين الاقتصاد القومي.

المصدر كايرو دار